Background of the study
Political debates on national television are key arenas for public discourse in Nigeria, where language functions as a tool for persuasion and ideological expression. Nigerian English, with its unique pragmatics, is enriched by the use of pragmatic markers—linguistic elements that guide the interpretation of speech acts. These markers, such as discourse particles, hedges, and intensifiers, are critical in managing politeness, emphasis, and speaker stance (Ogundele, 2023). This study examines how pragmatic markers are employed in televised political debates, analyzing their role in shaping arguments and influencing audience perception. The televised setting, with its formal and high-stakes nature, provides an ideal context to investigate the strategic use of language in political communication. By evaluating instances of pragmatic markers, the study seeks to understand how speakers negotiate power dynamics and manage controversial topics on air (Musa, 2024). Moreover, the analysis considers the potential impact of these linguistic features on public opinion and democratic engagement. As political communication evolves, understanding the subtleties of language use becomes increasingly important for both political analysts and communication theorists (Adebisi, 2025).
Statement of the problem
The effective use of pragmatic markers in political debates is crucial for conveying meaning and managing interpersonal relations; however, there is insufficient analysis of their systematic use in Nigerian English on national TV. Current research tends to focus on formal grammatical structures while neglecting the nuanced role of pragmatic markers in political discourse (Ogundele, 2023). This gap poses challenges for understanding how language strategies affect audience reception and the overall persuasiveness of political arguments. Moreover, without a detailed examination of these markers, it is difficult to gauge their influence on political legitimacy and public engagement. This study aims to fill this gap by providing an in-depth analysis of pragmatic markers in televised debates (Musa, 2024).
Objectives of the study:
1. To identify the pragmatic markers used in Nigerian English during political debates.
2. To analyze the impact of these markers on audience interpretation and debate dynamics.
3. To propose strategies for enhancing effective political communication.
Research questions:
1. Which pragmatic markers are most prevalent in televised political debates?
2. How do these markers affect the persuasiveness of political messages?
3. What role do they play in shaping public opinion?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it bridges the gap between linguistic theory and political communication practice by examining pragmatic markers in Nigerian English. Insights from this research may enhance our understanding of how language influences political debates and democratic participation. The findings can inform media training, political strategy, and educational programs aimed at improving public discourse. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of nuanced language use in shaping political narratives and engaging audiences effectively (Adebisi, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study:
The study is confined to the analysis of pragmatic markers in Nigerian English as observed in political debates on national TV. It excludes other media forms and informal discourse contexts.
Definitions of terms:
1. Pragmatic Markers: Words or phrases used to manage the flow of conversation and indicate speaker attitudes.
2. Political Debates: Structured discussions between political figures broadcast on television.
3. Nigerian English: A variety of English influenced by indigenous linguistic and cultural practices in Nigeria.
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